Mu isoko ryambere ryimodoka yingufu, icyerekezo cya politiki kiragaragara, kandi imibare yinkunga irahagije.Umubare munini wibicuruzwa byigenga bifata iyambere mugushinga imizi mumasoko binyuze mubicuruzwa bishya bitangana, kandi babone inkunga ikungahaye.Ariko, murwego rwo kugabanuka kwinkunga no gushyira mubikorwa gahunda ya "double point", igitutu cyibicuruzwa byigenga byagaragaye.

Muburyo rusange bwo kumenyekanisha buhoro buhoro ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, ibihangange mpuzamahanga nabyo byihutisha imiterere yabyo.

Ku ya 5 Kamena, umunsi w’ibidukikije ku isi, moteri rusange yashyize ahagaragara inzira y’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, isezeranya kwerekeza kuri “zero zangiza”.Nandu yigiye kuri moteri rusange y'Ubushinwa ko muri 2020, izashyira ahagaragara moderi nshya 10 z'ingufu ku isoko ry'Ubushinwa.Usibye imodoka nshya, gm iranakingura urwego rwo hejuru rwinganda, byerekana neza ko izatanga bateri mubushinwa, byerekana neza imyifatire yuzuye yingufu nshya.

Kusanya bateri kugirango unyuze murwego rwo hejuru rwinganda

Kugeza ubu, gm ntabwo yashyize ahagaragara ingufu nyinshi zingufu mubushinwa.Kurugero, Chevrolet Bolt, isanzwe ifite isoko runaka muri Amerika ya ruguru, ntabwo yinjiye mubushinwa.Imodoka eshatu nshya zingufu zatangijwe mubushinwa ni: Cadillac CT6 plug-in hybrid, buick VELITE5 plug-in hybrid na baojun E100 ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Buick VELITE6 plug-in hybrid hamwe na mushiki we VELITE6 imodoka yamashanyarazi nayo iraboneka.

Mu ikoranabuhanga kuri visi Perezida wa gm ku isi na tsien, Perezida wa gm Ubushinwa yahishuriye abanyamakuru ibyerekeranye n’iterambere mu myaka itanu iri imbere, ati: "guhera mu 2016 kugeza 2020, bazashyira ahagaragara imodoka 10 z’ingufu ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, ubutaha, nabwo bizakomeza kwagura ibicuruzwa, biteganijwe ko muri 2023 byose, ingufu za huaxin zizikuba kabiri. ”Ibyo birashobora gusobanura ibinyabiziga bishya bigera kuri 20 mubushinwa mumyaka itanu.

Ugereranije numubare wicyitegererezo, gm ikindi gisasu kinini mumashanyarazi niyo ntandaro yimodoka nshya - bateri.Mu nzira igana amashanyarazi, gm ntiyinjije mu buryo butaziguye paki yuzuye, nkuko abakora ibinyabiziga benshi babikora.Ahubwo, yahisemo guteranya bateri zayo, agerageza gufungura urwego rwo hejuru rwinganda no gutunganya bateri kuri moderi zayo.Qian huikang yahishuriye umunyamakuru, nkuko ibicuruzwa byashyizwe ku isoko, saic-gmamashanyarazisisitemu yo guteza imbere sisitemu ubu irakora, kubikorwa byo kugurisha no kugurisha ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, iyi nayo ni ishyirahamwe rya kabiri rya moteri rusange ku isi.Ariko, gm ntabwo yatangaje ubushobozi bwa bateri na gahunda yubushobozi.

Nko mu 2011, ikigo cyashyizeho laboratwari ya batiri kugirango ikore ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi ku isoko ryUbushinwa.

Igihangange gitegereje

Ugereranije na moderi nyinshi zamashanyarazi zitunganijwe zatangijwe nibirango byinshi byigenga mumyaka yashize, nubwo gm ifite gahunda ya "zero emission", iracyategereje mukirere ukurikije umuvuduko.Ukurikije gahunda n'inzira ya tekiniki, gm ntabwo yiha "gahunda ipfuye".

Ati: "Hariho igihe cyo kuva mumodoka isanzwe ya lisansi igana ahazaza heza.Kugeza ubu, turimo guteza imbere cyane ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, ubushakashatsi bwikinyabiziga gifite amashanyarazi meza niterambere, ndetse no kuzamura isoko.Kubijyanye ningengabihe yo gukuramo ibinyabiziga bya peteroli, biragoye guhanura umwaka wihariye igihe ibinyabiziga bya peteroli gakondo bizatakaza burundu ibyo abaguzi bakeneye bityo bikava kumasoko, ntabwo rero tuzashyiraho ingengabihe yihariye.Qian ati.

Kugirango ugere kuri "zero isohoka" yinzira ya tekiniki, gm ntabwo yanze ikoranabuhanga iryo ariryo ryose, gm amashanyarazi amashanyarazi mubushinwa, injeniyeri mukuru, Jenny (JenniferGoforth) yavuze ko ingamba zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya gm zikubiyemo ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye, "niba ari imvange, imashini icomeka cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashanyarazi, twibanze ku bice byose by'ikoranabuhanga. ”Yagaragaje kandi ko kugira ngo tugere kuri “zeru zeru” mu gihe kizaza, usibye imiterere y’amashanyarazi meza, moderi y’amavuta nayo ishyirwa muri gahunda ya gm, ndetse hakaba hari na gahunda yo gushyira ahagaragara selile ya peteroli ku isoko ryacu.

Ifite ubuhanga bwa tekinike, ariko ntabwo ikaze ku isoko rishya ry’ingufu mu Bushinwa.Iributsa kandi ikindi gihangange, Toyota.

Nubwo hashize imyaka myinshi ikora ubushakashatsi kuri tekinoroji ya Hybrid na selile, kugeza muri moteri yu mwaka wa Beijing herekanwa ko Toyota yatangije bwa mbere moderi ebyiri za PHEV, Toyota corolla faw na gac Toyota ryling verisiyo ya PHEV.Muri kiriya gihe, Toyota moteri (Ubushinwa) ishoramari co. ni, “n'ibindi byombi haba mubiciro, cyangwa kuva mubukure bwa tekiniki, corolla, ralink kugirango bibe ishingiro ryiterambere rya moderi ya PHEV bifasha cyane gukundwa.”Yagaragaje kandi ko moderi ya EV izashyirwa ahagaragara ku mugaragaro mu 2020. Ati: “Toyota nayo izateza imbere moderi ya EV ishingiye ku cyitegererezo kizwi cyane mu baguzi b'Abashinwa kandi ikagiha abaguzi b'Abashinwa ku isi hose.”

Gm na Toyota byombi bisa nkaho "byabuze" idirishya mugihe ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byaguye kandi bigahabwa inkunga nyinshi mumyaka mike ishize nubwo bifite imbaraga nyinshi zikoranabuhanga rishya ryimodoka, byombi bitewe no gusuzuma gahunda yo kuzamura ibicuruzwa byamasosiyete yimodoka kandi bateri zitari murugo.Ariko kujya muri 2018, gahunda y'ibihangange yarushijeho gusobanuka, hamwe nibyumba byinshi byo kuyobora.

Usibye ibigo byombi, BMW, ikirango cyiza, yakoresheje moderi ya "bateri-yambere" kuko iteza imbere cyane ingufu nshya mubushinwa.Nyuma yumwaka umwe nyuma yumushinga wa BMW brilliance power power center mu Kwakira umwaka ushize, hatangiye icyiciro cya kabiri cyumushinga winganda za batiri, kizaba umusingi w’ibikorwa bya BMW nshya y’amashanyarazi kandi bizaba igice cyingenzi cya Sisitemu yubushakashatsi niterambere.Ikigo kizafasha BMW gusubiza vuba ibyifuzo byisoko ryimodoka zingufu mubushinwa.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mercedes-benz ifite isano ikomeye mu bufatanye na baic mu kubaka inganda za batiri, mu gihe tesla, itera urusaku rwinshi kuri gahunda yo kubaka uruganda mu Bushinwa, yanagaragaje ko uruganda rw’Abashinwa ruzagira umusaruro wa batiri gahunda mumakuru yinama yabanyamigabane.Ntabwo bigoye kubona ko nubwo imishinga ihuriweho cyangwa ibirango byamahanga biri inyuma yibirango byabo mubigurisha ryimodoka nshya zingufu muri iki gihe, bafite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora bakurikije uko ibintu bimeze bubaka inganda za batiri nubundi buryo bwo gufungura urunigi.

Nigute ushobora guhangana n'ibirango byigenga?

Bitewe na politiki igaragara yerekana isoko ryambere ryingufu zamashanyarazi nigitigiri kinini cyingoboka, umubare munini wibicuruzwa byigenga bifata iyambere mugushinga imizi mumasoko binyuze mubicuruzwa bishya bitangana, kandi babone inkunga ikungahaye.Ariko, murwego rwo kugabanuka kwinkunga no gushyira mubikorwa gahunda ya "double point", igitutu cyibicuruzwa byigenga byagaragaye.

Nandu mbere yatangaje kandi ko n'imbaraga nshya zikwiye "umuvandimwe mukuru" byd, nanone kubera inkunga yagabanutse, kugabanuka kwinyungu nizindi mpamvu, mukuzunguruka kwinyungu, amakuru yinjiza yerekana ko byd inyungu yigihembwe cya mbere yagabanutseho 83% , na byd biteganijwe ko igabanuka ryinshi mugice cya mbere cyinyungu.Ibintu nkibi byabaye no ku modoka ya jianghuai, inyungu zayo mu gihembwe cya mbere nayo yagabanutseho 20%.Kugabanuka kwinkunga kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu nimwe mumpamvu nyamukuru.

Jya kuri byd, kurugero, nubwo ifite tekinoroji yibanze ya "SanDian", ariko iyo politiki ihindutse, igihe gito kandi bigoye kugabanya kugabanuka kwinkunga, nkibintu bibi, mubitekerezo byinganda, ibi mubisesengura ryanyuma , cyangwa ibinyabiziga bishya byigenga ibicuruzwa bigomba kunozwa, cyane cyane moderi ya EV biragoye kwimura umubare munini wabaguzi kugura.Li shufu, umuyobozi wa geely Holding, na we yatanze "umuburo" mu nama ya BBS iherutse kubera i Longwan, avuga ko hamwe n’ifungurwa ry’inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa, igihe cy’amahirwe gisigaye mu masosiyete y’imodoka yo mu Bushinwa ari imyaka itanu gusa.Guhangana nisoko rishya ryimodoka, ingaruka zigomba gushirwaho vuba.

Kwitegereza isoko

Igipimo cyibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bigomba kunozwa

Mu myaka mike ishize, igurishwa rusange ryimodoka nshya zingufu ryakomeje kwiyongera cyane, ariko igipimo rusange cyinjira mumodoka nshya zitwara abagenzi mumasoko yimbere mu gihugu ziracyari munsi ya 3%, kandi inzitizi yibirango byigenga muri umurima wibinyabiziga bishya byingufu ntabwo bikomeye bihagije.Ikigaragara cyane, gukurura ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu kubakoresha kugiti cyabo bigomba gushimangirwa.Amakuru ya TalkingData yashyizwe ahagaragara muri 2017 yerekana kandi ko kugura kwigenga bigizwe na 50% gusa byabakoresha ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, mugihe ibindi bigurwa nurubuga rwingendo ninganda, nibindi, kandi ibyinshi mubigura bikorerwa mumijyi ibujijwe kugura.Bitewe nimpamvu za politiki, ingaruka zimodoka nshya zingufu kubakoresha kugiti cyabo ziracyakomeza kunozwa.

Kandi kubaka imodoka gusa bifite imbaraga zikomeye mubihugu mpuzamahanga, hamwe nububiko bukomeye bwa tekiniki hamwe nububiko bwinshi bwa moderi, nka Toyota na gm bifite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 20 mubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, Toyota PHEV na EV birashobora gutumizwa muri moderi igurishwa cyane mumyaka myinshi, BMW X1 na 5-serie nayo irashobora kuba mumujyi kugura "ikarita yicyatsi", igihangange mpuzamahanga gifite imyifatire ikaze kumasoko.

Ariko, ibirango byayo ntabwo bicaye.Amaze kubona ko ibicuruzwa byayo bidahagije, byd yatangaje ko izavugurura imiterere yayo yose kandi ikinjira mu "bihe bishya byo gukora ibinyabiziga".Geely, yatangaje ko yinjiye mu mbaraga nshya mu byumweru bibiri bishize, yizeye kandi ko izinjira mu isoko ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru hamwe n’ingufu nshya zerekana imiterere ya borui, borui GE.Urebye ko mu mwaka ushize hagurishijwe imodoka nshya z’ingufu 770.000 (578.000 muri zo zikaba ari imodoka nshya zitwara abagenzi), ku isoko haracyari umwanya munini.Nubwo ikirango cyigenga kidashyizweho, cyangwa igihangange mpuzamahanga gitegereje amahirwe, haracyari amahirwe yo gufata umugabane munini kumasoko mashya yimodoka.