Batiri ya Lithium-ion cyangwa Batiri ya Li-ion (mu magambo ahinnye ya LIB) ni ubwoko bwa batiri yumuriro.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ikoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa hamwe n’ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kandi bigenda byiyongera mubikorwa bya gisirikare hamwe nindege.Batiri ya prototype Li-ion yakozwe na Akira Yoshino mu 1985, ishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe na John Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Rachid Yazami na Koichi Mizushima mu myaka ya za 1970 - 1980, hanyuma bateri y’ubucuruzi ya Li-ion ikorwa na a Itsinda rya Sony na Asahi Kasei riyobowe na Yoshio Nishi mu 1991. Muri 2019, igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri Chimie cyahawe Yoshino, Goodenough, na Whittingham “hagamijwe iterambere rya batiri ya lithium”.

Muri bateri, ioni ya lithium iva kuri electrode mbi ikanyura kuri electrolyte ikagera kuri electrode nziza mugihe cyo gusohora, hanyuma igasubira inyuma.Batteri ya Li-ion ikoresha lithium ihuza ibintu nkibikoresho kuri electrode nziza kandi mubisanzwe grafite kuri electrode mbi.Batteri ifite ubwinshi bwingufu, nta ngaruka zo kwibuka (usibye selile LFP) hamwe no kwisohora gake.Birashobora ariko guhungabanya umutekano kubera ko birimo electrolytite yaka, kandi iyo byangiritse cyangwa byashizwemo nabi bishobora gutera ibisasu n'umuriro.Samsung yahatiwe kwibuka terefone ya Galaxy Note 7 nyuma yumuriro wa lithium-ion, kandi habaye ibintu byinshi birimo bateri kuri Boeing 787s.

Chimie, imikorere, ikiguzi numutekano biratandukanye muburyo bwa LIB.Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bifashisha ahanini bateri ya lithium polymer (hamwe na polymer gel nka electrolyte) hamwe na lithium cobalt oxyde (LiCoO2) nkibikoresho bya cathode, bitanga ingufu nyinshi, ariko bikerekana ingaruka z'umutekano, cyane cyane iyo byangiritse.Lisiyumu ya fosifate (LiFePO4), lisiyumu ya manganese (LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, cyangwa LMO), na lisiyumu nikel manganese cobalt oxyde (LiNiMnCoO2 cyangwa NMC) itanga ingufu nkeya ariko ikabaho igihe kirekire kandi ntigishobora kubaho umuriro cyangwa guturika.Batiyeri ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, nizindi nshingano.NMC n'ibiyikomokaho bikoreshwa cyane mumodoka y'amashanyarazi.

Ahantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi kuri bateri ya lithium-ion harimo kongera igihe cyo kubaho, kongera ingufu zingufu, kuzamura umutekano, kugabanya ibiciro, no kongera umuvuduko wumuriro, nibindi.Ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa mubice bya electrolytite zidacana nkinzira yo kongera umutekano hashingiwe ku gucana no guhindagurika kwimyunyu ngugu ikoreshwa muri electrolyte isanzwe.Ingamba zirimo bateri ya lithium-ion y'amazi, ceramic ikomeye electrolytike, polymer electrolytike, amazi ya ionic, hamwe na sisitemu ya fluor nyinshi.

Batteri na selile

Akagari nigice cyibanze cyamashanyarazi kirimo electrode, itandukanya, na electrolyte.

Batiyeri cyangwa ipaki ya batiri ni ikusanyirizo rya selile cyangwa inteko, hamwe namazu, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, hamwe na elegitoroniki yo kugenzura no kurinda.

Anode na cathode electrode
Kuri selile zisubirwamo, ijambo anode (cyangwa electrode mbi) ryerekana electrode aho okiside iba mugihe cyo gusohora;ubundi electrode ni cathode (cyangwa electrode nziza).Mugihe cyo kwishyuza, electrode nziza ihinduka anode na electrode mbi iba cathode.Kuri selile nyinshi za lithium-ion, lithium-oxyde electrode ni electrode nziza;kuri titanate lithium-ion selile (LTO), lithium-oxyde electrode ni electrode mbi.

Amateka

Amavu n'amavuko

Batiri ya Varta lithium-ion, Auto Autovision, Altlussheim, Ubudage
Batteri ya Litiyumu yasabwe na chimiste w’Ubwongereza hamwe n’uwahawe igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel cya chimie M. Stanley Whittingham, ubu uri muri kaminuza ya Binghamton, ubwo yakoraga muri Exxon mu myaka ya za 70.Whittingham yakoresheje titanium (IV) sulfide nicyuma cya lithium nka electrode.Nyamara, iyi bateri ya lithium yumuriro ntishobora na rimwe gukorwa mubikorwa.Titanium disulfide yari amahitamo mabi, kubera ko igomba guhurizwa hamwe mugihe gifunze rwose, nayo ihenze cyane (~ $ 1.000 kuri kilo kubikoresho bya titanium disulfide muri 1970).Iyo ihuye n'umwuka, titanium disulfide ikora kugirango ibe hydrogène sulfide ivanze, ifite umunuko udashimishije kandi ni uburozi ku nyamaswa nyinshi.Kubera iyo mpamvu, nizindi mpamvu, Exxon yahagaritse iterambere rya batiri ya lithium-titanium disulfide ya Whittingham.Batteri ifite ibyuma bya lithium electrode yerekana ibibazo byumutekano, nkuko icyuma cya lithium gikora namazi, ikarekura gaze ya hydrogène yaka umuriro.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubushakashatsi bwimuwe kugirango butezimbere bateri aho, aho kuba lithium metallic, gusa lithium ivanze, irashobora kwakira no kurekura ioni.

Guhinduranya hagati ya grafite no guhuza okiside ya catodique yavumbuwe mugihe cya 1974–76 na JO Besenhard i TU Munich.Besenhard yatanze icyifuzo cyayo muri selile.Kwangirika kwa electrolyte hamwe na solvent gufatanya hagati ya grafite byari bibi cyane mubuzima bwa bateri.

Iterambere

1973 - Adam Heller yasabye bateri ya lithium thionyl chloride, iracyakoreshwa mubikoresho byubuvuzi byatewe no muri sisitemu zo kwirwanaho aho bisabwa kurenza imyaka 20 yo kubaho neza, ingufu nyinshi, hamwe na / cyangwa kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije bwo gukora.
1977 - Samar Basu yerekanye amashanyarazi ya lithium muri grafite muri kaminuza ya Pennsylvania.Ibi byatumye habaho iterambere rya lithium ikora ihuza interineti ya grafite electrode kuri Bell Labs (LiC6) kugirango itange ubundi buryo bwa batiri ya electrode ya electrode.
1979 - Gukorera mu matsinda atandukanye, Ned A. Godshall n'abandi, hanyuma, nyuma yaho gato, John B. Goodenough (kaminuza ya Oxford) na Koichi Mizushima (kaminuza ya Tokiyo), berekanye selile ya lithium ishobora kwishyurwa hamwe na voltage mu ntera ya 4 V ukoresheje lithium. dioxyde de cobalt (LiCoO2) nka electrode nziza hamwe nicyuma cya lithium nka electrode mbi.Ubu bushya bwatanze ibikoresho byiza bya electrode yatumaga bateri yubucuruzi ya lithium hakiri kare.LiCoO2 ni ibikoresho bya electrode bihamye bikora nkumuterankunga wa lithium ion, bivuze ko ishobora gukoreshwa nibikoresho bya electrode itari nziza ya lithium.Mugushoboza gukoresha ibikoresho bitajegajega kandi byoroshye-gukoresha ibikoresho bibi bya electrode, LiCoO2 yashoboje sisitemu ya batiri yumuriro.Godshall n'abandi.yarushijeho kwerekana agaciro kamwe ka ternary compound lithium-inzibacyuho yicyuma-oxyde nka spinel LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, LiMnO2, LiFeO2, LiFe5O8, na LiFe5O4 (hanyuma lithium-umuringa-oxyde na lithium-nikel-oxyde cathode muri 1985).
1980 - Rachid Yazami yerekanye interineti ihindagurika ya lithium muri grafite, kandi yahimbye lithium graphite electrode (anode).Ibinyabuzima bya electrolytike biboneka muricyo gihe byangirika mugihe cyo kwishyuza hamwe na electrode ya grafite.Yazami yakoresheje electrolyte ikomeye kugirango yerekane ko lithium ishobora guhuzwa hagati ya grafite binyuze mumashanyarazi.Kugeza mu 2011, electrode ya Yazami ya electrode niyo yakoreshejwe cyane muri electrode yubucuruzi ya lithium-ion.
Electrode mbi ifite inkomoko muri PAS (ibikoresho bya polyacenic semiconductive material) yavumbuwe na Tokio Yamabe nyuma na Shjzukuni Yata mu ntangiriro ya za 1980.Imbuto y'ikoranabuhanga ni ivumburwa rya polymers ikora na Porofeseri Hideki Shirakawa n'itsinda rye, kandi byashoboraga no kugaragara ko byatangiriye kuri bateri ya polyacetylene lithium ion yakozwe na Alan MacDiarmid na Alan J. Heeger n'abandi.
1982 - Godshall n'abandi.bahawe Patent ya Amerika 4,340.652 kubera gukoresha LiCoO2 nka cathodes muri bateri ya lithium, hashingiwe kuri Ph.D. ya kaminuza ya Godshall ya Godshall.impamyabumenyi n'ibitabo 1979.
1983 - Michael M. Thackeray, Peter Bruce, William David, na John Goodenough bakoze spinel ya manganese nkibikoresho bya cathode byashizwe mubucuruzi kuri bateri ya lithium-ion.
1985 - Akira Yoshino yakusanyije selile prototype akoresheje ibintu bya karubone byinjizwamo ion ya lithium nka electrode imwe, na lithium cobalt oxyde (LiCoO2) nkindi.Ibi byazamuye umutekano cyane.LiCoO2 yashoboje gukora inganda zingana ninganda kandi ituma bateri ya lithium-ion yubucuruzi.
1989 - Arumugam Manthiram na John B. Goodenough bavumbuye icyiciro cya polyanion ya cathodes.Berekanye ko electrode nziza irimo polyanion, urugero, sulfate, itanga ingufu zirenze okiside bitewe ningaruka ziterwa na polyanion.Iki cyiciro cya polyanion kirimo ibikoresho nka lithium fer fosifate.

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